Thomas Lafayette Marsalis (October 4, 1852 – 1922[1]) was, with John S. Armstrong, the founder of Oak Cliff, and one of the key developers of what is now known as the Dallas area.
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Marsalis was born in Mississippi near New Orleans, Louisiana. The Marsalis family were Dutch Quakers who had immigrated to the United State in the1840s. They had settled in Pennsylvania before moving to Mississippi, then Louisiana. [2]
Marsalis spent his childhood in Louisiana, but the family relocated yet again to Texas in 1871. They settled in Corsicana, Texas. Marsalis worked as a stockboy in a wholesale grocery house, then moved to Dallas to start his own wholesale business. This was reportedly one of “the largest and most successful operations of its kind in the South, doing $750,000 worth of business annually by 1877.” [2]
Marsalis and Elizabeth “Lizzie” Josephine Crowdus, the daughter of a prominent Dallas physician, married November 29, 1873. They had three children. [2]
John S. Armstrong and Marsalis became partners in the grown business in 1884. They had four such grocery warehouses in the city of Dallas. These flourished and reportedly grossed more than $20 million a year. [2]
Marsalis was exceedingly civic-minded. He organized the first fire company in Dallas. He also was the first to pave a city street in Dallas in 1881. The material: bois d'arc blocks. [2]
In 1887, Marsalis and Armstrong formed the Dallas Land and Loan Company, which purchased 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) across the Trinity River from Dallas, including Hord's Ridge and the Hord homestead to develop a new community.[3] The area was named Oak Cliff. Development began in November 1887 when lots were auctioned by the company. An elevated railway was built to join the Oak Cliff from the Dallas courthouse. It was being called "beautiful suburb of Dallas." [2]
With two successful successive auctions, Marsalis decided to take several of the lots off the market. He had hoped this would increase the price. Armstrong objected and immediately dissolved the partnership, taking the grocery concerns; Marsalis took the real estate holdings. [2]
Marsalis continued developing Oak Cliff, including investing $500,000 of his own money for the land and various improvements, including streets, a waterworks, and electric plant. He built various amenities designed to promote Oak Cliff as a resort destination. This also included the Park Hotel, a huge four-story Victorian hotel and mineral baths.[4] [2] There was a public bath project planned at Kidd Springs, and, in various promotional material, the area was compared to Cambridge, Massachusetts.http://www.oakcliff.com/history.htm He reportedly spent a total of million dollars promoting his new development, Oak Cliff.[5]
Ruthmede Place Neighborhood is another part of the area that Marsalis worked to develop. It was the second addition of the Dallas Land and Loan Company. The houses in the area were wood frame bungalows, predominantly Craftsman or Prairie style. There were a few Victorian homes, one of which is now on the city preservation society's "Most Endangered" list.[6]
Oak Cliff incorporated in 1890. The population was about 3,000 residents.
Marsalis, by this point in time, had invested almost $1 million in his city. He was a founder of and president of the Oak Cliff Hotel Company, Oak Cliff Light and Power Company, Oak Cliff Water Supply Company, and Dallas and Oak Cliff Railroad Company, in addition to continuing to oversee the Dallas Land and Loan Company. Development abruptly stopped thanks to The Panic of 1893 and Marsalis was ruined. He went bankrupt and sold all his interests in his various companies, [2] including the huge four-story Victorian hotel, the Park Hotel. When the economy declined, he was forced to lease the structure to M. Thomas Edgerton, who planned to open a girls' school. This would become Oak Cliff College for Young Ladies.[7]
Oak Cliff was ultimately annexed by the city of Dallas in 1903.[8]
Not much is known or has been published about the remainder of Marsalis’s life. He moved to New York and reportedly died in poverty some years later. The precise location and date of his death remain unknown. [2] Genealogists and historians are attempting to piece together where Marsalis spent his last years. He is thought to have most likely died between 1910 and 1920, based on census records, some of which have the surname spelled incorrectly.[9] [10]
The 150 acres (0.61 km2) of park land he had set aside for Oak Cliff is now the location of Dallas’ Marsalis Park and Zoo. [2] The zoo permanently relocated to the site in from Fair Park in 1912. [11]
A street running next to the Dallas Zoo connecting north and south Oak Cliff, Marsalis Avenue, as well as Thomas L. Marsalis Elementary School are named in his honor.